Sometime nerves in the feet and hand can become damage resulting in loss of sensation as seen in diabetic cases.

• Erythromelalgia
• Ischemic Foot
• Neuroma
• Spasms
• Venous Stasis

It is rare found disorder. In such case blood vessels gets enlarge.

The blood vessels are open or dilated and the oxygen and heat of the blood is discharged into the tissues, making them turn red and feel hot all the time.

Precaution :

• Wear socks and well insulated shoes to maintain heat
• Using sandals or light shoe, that can breathe and allow heat to escape.

Treatment :

• Drugs (induce restriction or opening of the blood vessels)
• Pain medications (sever case)

Ischemic foot refers to a lack of adequate arterial blood flow from the heart to the foot. Ischemic foot suffer from inadequate blood supply reaching the foot to provide oxygen and nutrient needs required for the cells to continue to function

Cause :

• Arterial blockage (from cholesterol deposits)
• Arterial blood clots
• Arterial spasm
• Arterial injury

Treatment :

• Walking exercises (increase blood flow)
• Protective shoes and insoles
• Medications

Neuromas are enlarged benign growths of nerves, most commonly between the third and fourth toes.

Cause :

• Tissue rubbing against
• Irritating nerves
• Pressure from poorly-fitting shoes
• Abnormal bone structure

Treatment :

• Special shoes or inserts and/or cortisone injections
• surgical removal of growth

Spasms are contraction of body parts. Hand or foot spasms are contractions of the hands, thumbs, feet, or toes and are sometimes seen with muscle cramps, twitching, and convulsions.Sometime these contractions are violent.

Spasms of the hands or feet are an important early sign of tetany, a potentially life-threatening condition. Tetany is a manifestation of an abnormality in calcium level, which can be linked to a lack of Vitamin D, lessened function of the parathyroid glands, alkalosis in the body, or the ingestion of alkaline salts.

Carpopedal spasms are usually accompanied by numbness, tingling, or a “pins-and-needles” feeling in the fingers, toes, and around the mouth; muscle weakness; fatigue; cramping; twitching; and uncontrolled, purposeless, rapid motions.

Cause :

• Hyperventilation (calcium becomes temporarily unavailable).
• Hypocalcemia.
• Muscle cramps
• Parkinson`s diseas
• Neuromuscular conditions.

Treatment :

• Calcium
• Vitamin D supplements

In venous stasis vein function of legs that carry blood back toward the heart loss its proper function. Due to chronic congestive heart failure and kidney diseases, swelling in lower legs and ankle are seen.

The superficial veins in the legs may be varicose, causing the veins to be enlarged and appear as a cord or a bunch of grapes. Because of such thing blood continues to collect in the feet ankle and legs.

Symptoms :

• Feeling of fullness
• Aching
• Tiredness in their legs
• Swelling in lower leg and ankle

Cause :

• Injury to veins
• Blood clots in superficial veins known as superficial phlebitis
• Blood clots in the deep veins known as deep venous thrombosis

Treatment :

• Rest
• Elevation
• Compression stockings